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Yogi
Ramacharaka
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2. THE MYSTERY OF THE VIRGIN BIRTHOne of the
points of
conflict between Established Theology on the one hand and what is
known as Rationalism, the Higher Criticism, and Comparative
Mythology, on the other hand, is what is known as "the Virgin
Birth" of Jesus.
Perhaps we may show the points of difference more clearly by simply stating the opposing views, and afterwards giving the traditions of the Occult Brotherhoods and Societies on the subject. We are enabled to state the opposing views without prejudice, because we rest upon the Occult Teachings with a feeling of being above and outside of the theological strife raging between the two schools of Christian theologians. We trust that
the
reader will reserve his decision until the consideration of the
matter in this lesson is completed. We think that it will be found
that the Occult Teachings give the Key to the Mystery and furnish the
Reconciliation between the opposing theological views which threaten
to divide the churches into two camps, i.e., (1) the adherents of the
established orthodox theology, and (2) the adherents of the views of
the Rationalists and the Higher Critics. Matthew's account is as follows: "Now the birth of Jesus Christ was on this wise: When ashis mother Mary was espoused to Joseph, before they came together, she was found with the child of the Holy Ghost. Then Joseph, her husband, being a just man and not willing to make her a public example, was minded to put her away privily. But while he thought on these things, behold the angel of the Lord appeared unto him in a dream, saying, 'Joseph, thou son of David, fear not to take unto thee Mary thy wife - for that which is conceived in her is of the Holy Ghost. And she shall bring forth a son, and thou shalt call his name JESUS - for he shall save his people from their sins.' And now all this was done, that it might be fulfilled which was spoken of the Lord by the prophet, saying, 'Behold, a virgin shall be with a child and shall bring forth a son, and they shall call his name Emmanuel, which being interpreted is, God with us.' Then Joseph, being raised from sleep, did as the angel of the Lord had bidden him and took unto him his wife and knew her not, until she had brought forth her firstborn son - and he called his name 'Jesus.'" (Matt. 1:18-25.) Luke's account is as follows: "And in the sixth month the angel Gabriel was sent from God unto a city of Galilee named Nazareth, to a virgin espoused to a man whose name was Joseph, of the house of David; and the virgin's name was Mary. And the angel came in unto her and said, 'Hail, thou that art highly favored, the Lord is with thee: blessed art thou among women.' And when she saw him, she was troubled at his saying and cast in her mind what manner of salutation this should be. And the angel said unto her, 'Fear not, Mary - for thou hast found favor with God. And, behold, thou shalt conceive in thy womb and bring forth a son and shalt call his name JESUS. He shall be great and shall be called the Son of the Highest; and the Lord God shall give unto him the throne of his father David. And he shall reign over the house of Jacob forever; and of his kingdom there shall be no end.' Then said Mary unto the angel, 'How shall this be, seeing I know not a man?' And the angel answered and said unto her, 'The Holy Ghost shall come upon thee, and the power of the Highest shall overshadow thee - therefore also that holy thing which shall be born of thee shall be called the Son of God.'" (Luke 1:26-33.) And
so, this then is the commonly accepted, orthodox teachings of
Christian theology. It is embodied in the two best-known creeds of
the church and is made an essential article of belief by the majority
of the orthodox churches.
In the Apostle's Creed -
which has
been traced back to about the year A.D. 500 and which is claimed to
have been based on an older creed - the doctrine is stated thusly,
"... and in Jesus Christ, his only Son, our Lord, who was
conceived by the Holy Ghost, born of the Virgin Mary," etc. In
the Nicene Creed - which dates from A.D. 325 - the doctrine is stated
thusly, "... and in one Lord Jesus Christ, the only begotten Son
of God, begotten of his Father ... and was incarnate by the Holy
Ghost of the Virgin Mary," etc.
(1) That the story of the Divine Conception - that is theAnd so the doctrine is plainly stated and firmly insisted upon by the orthodox churches of today - although such was not always the case - for the matter was one which gave rise to much conflict and difference of opinion in the early centuries of the Church; the present view, however, overcoming those who opposed it - and finally becoming accepted as beyond doubt or question by the orthodox, believing Christian. But the present time finds many leading minds in the churches who refuse to accept the doctrine as usually taught, and the voice of the Higher Criticism is heard in the land in increasing volume, and many doctrines unquestioningly held by the pews are being abandoned by the pulpits, usually in the way of "discreet silence" being maintained. But here and there courageous voices are heard stating plainly that which their reason and conscience impels. We shall now consider these dissenting opinions. We have to say here, at this point, that we have no sympathy for the so-called "infidel" opinion, which holds that the whole tale of the Virgin Birth was invented to conceal the illegitimate birth of Jesus. Such a view is based neither on intelligent investigation nor criticism - nor upon the occult teachings. It was merely "invented" itself by those who were unable to accept current theology, and who when driven from the churches, built up a crude system of reconstructed Biblical History of their own. And so we shall not stop to even consider this view of the matter - but shall pass on to the scholarly objectors and their views - and thence to the Occult Teachings. In the first place, the theologians who favor the views of the Higher Criticism object to the idea of the Virgin Birth upon several general grounds, among which the following are the principal ones: conception by a woman of a child without a human father, and by means of a miraculous act on the part of Deity - is one found among the traditions, legends and beliefs of many heathen and pagan nations. Nearly all of the old Oriental religions, antedating Christianity by many centuries, contain stories of this kind concerning their gods, prophets and great leaders. The critics hold that the story of the Virgin Birth and Divine Conception were borrowed outright from these pagan legends and incorporated into the Christian Writings after the death of Christ; (2) that the idea of the Virgin Birth was not an original Christian Doctrine but was injected into the Teachings at a date about one hundred years, or nearly so, after the beginning of the Christian Era - this view being corroborated by the fact that the New Testament Writings themselves contain very little mention of the idea, the only mention of it being in two of the Gospels; those of St. Matthew and St. Luke--St. Mark and St. John containing no mention of the matter, which would not likely be the case, had it been an accepted belief in the early days of Christianity--and no mention being made of it in the Epistles, even Paul being utterly silent on the question. They claim that the Virgin Birth was unknown to the primitive Christians and was not heard of until its "borrowing" from pagan beliefs many years after. In support of their idea, as above stated, they call attention to the fact that the New Testament writings, known to Biblical students as the oldest and earliest, make no mention of the idea - and that Paul ignores it completely, as well as the other writers; (3) that the Gospels of St. Matthew and St. Luke bear internal evidences of the introduction of the story at a later date. This matter we shall now consider from the point of view of the Higher Criticism within the body of the Church. In the first place, let us
consider the Gospel of St.
Matthew. The majority of people accept this as having been written by
St. Matthew, with his own hand, during his ministry and that the
Gospel, word-for-word, is the work of this great apostle.
"Moreover the Lord spake again unto Ahaz, saying, 'Ask thee
aThis idea, however, is not held for a moment by the educated clergy, as may be seen by a reference to any prominent theological work of late years - or even in the pages of a good encyclopedia. The investigators have made diligent researches concerning the probable authorship of the New Testament books, and their reports would surprise many faithful church-goers who are not acquainted with the facts of the case. There is no warrant, outside of tradition and custom, for the belief that Matthew wrote the Gospel accredited to him - at least in its present shape. Without going deeply into the argument of the investigators (which may be found in any recent work on the History of the Gospels) we would say that the generally accepted conclusion now held by the authorities is that the Gospel commonly accredited to St. Matthew is the work of some unknown hand or hands, which was produced during the latter part of the first century A.D., written in Greek, and most likely an enlargement or elaboration of certain Aramaic writings entitled, "Sayings of Jesus," which are thought to have been written by Matthew himself. In other words, even the most conservative of the critics do not claim that the Gospel of St. Matthew is anything more than an enlargement, elaboration or development of Matthew's earlier writings, written many years before the elaboration of the present "Gospel." The more radical critics take an even less respectful view. This being the fact, it may be readily seen how easy it would have been for the latter-day "elaborator" to introduce the then-current legend of the Virgin Birth, borrowed from pagan sources. As a further internal evidence of such interpolation of outside matter, the critics point to the fact that, while the Gospel of Matthew is made to claim that Joseph was merely the reputed father of the child of Mary, the same Gospel, in its very first chapter (Matt. 1) gives the genealogy of Jesus from David to Joseph, the husband of Mary, in order to prove that Jesus came from the "House of David," in accordance with the Messianic tradition. The chapter begins with the words, "The book of the generation of Jesus Christ, the son of David, the son of Abraham" (Matt. 1) and then goes on to name fourteen generations from Abraham to David; fourteen generations from David to the days of the carrying away into Babylon; and fourteen generations from the Babylonian days until the birth of Jesus. The critics call attention to this recital of Jesus's descent, through Joseph, from the House of David, which is but one of the many indications that the original Matthew inclined quite strongly to the view that Jesus was the Hebrew Messiah - come to reign upon the throne of David - rather than a Divine Avatar or Incarnation. The critics point to the fact that if Joseph were not the real father of Jesus - where would be the sense and purpose of proving his descent from David through Joseph? It is pertinently asked, "Why the necessity or purpose of the recital of Joseph's genealogy, as applied to Jesus - if indeed Jesus were not truly the son of Joseph?" The explanation of the critics is that the earlier writings of Matthew contained nothing regarding the Virgin Birth - Matthew having heard nothing of this pagan legend - and that naturally he gave the genealogy of Jesus from David and Abraham. If one omits the verses 18-25 from Matthew's Gospel, he will see the logical relation of the genealogy to the rest of the account; otherwise it is paradoxical, contradictory and ridiculous - and shows the joints and seams where it has been fitted into the older account. "But," you may ask, "what of the Messianic Prophecy mentioned by Matthew (1:23)? Surely this is a direct reference to the prophecy of Isaiah 7:14." Let us examine this so-called "prophecy," of which so much has been said and see just what reference it has to the birth of Jesus. Turning back to Isaiah 7, we find these words, just a little before the "prophecy:" sign of the Lord thy God; ask it either in the depth, or in the height above.' But Ahaz said, 'I will not ask, neither will I tempt the Lord.' And he said, 'Hear ye now, O house of David; is it a small thing for you to weary men, but will ye weary my God also?'" (Isaiah 6:13.) Then comes the
"prophecy:"
"Therefore the Lord himself shall give you a sign; Behold a virgin shall conceive and bear a son and shall call his name Immanuel." This is the "prophecy" quoted by the writer of the Gospel of Matthew and which has been quoted for centuries in Christian churches, as a foretelling of the miraculous birth of Jesus. As a matter of fact, intelligent theologians know that it has no reference to Jesus at all, in any way - but belongs to another occurrence, as we shall see presently - and was injected into the Gospel narrative merely to support the views of the writer thereof. It may be well
to add
here that many of the best authorities hold that the Greek
translation of the Hebrew word "almah"
into the
equivalent of "virgin" in the usual sense of the word is
incorrect. The Hebrew word "almah"
used in the original
Hebrew text of Isaiah does not mean "virgin," as the term
is usually employed - but rather "a young woman of marriageable
age--a maiden," the Hebrews having an entirely different word
for the idea of "virginity," as the term is generally used.
The word "almah" is used in
other parts of the Old
Testament to indicate a "young woman--a maiden," notably in
Proverbs 30:19, in the reference to "the way of a man with a
maid." In his fear he
sought an alliance with
Assyria, which alliance was disapproved of by Isaiah - who remonstrated
with Ahaz about the proposed move. The king was too much unnerved by
fear to listen to Isaiah's arguments, and so the latter dropped into
prophecy. He prophesied,
after the manner of the Oriental seer, that
the land would be laid waste and misery entailed upon Israel, should
the suicidal policy be adopted. But he held out a hope for a brighter
future, after the clouds of adversity had rolled by. A new and wise
prince would arise who would bring Israel to her former glory. That prince
would be born of a young mother, and his name would be
Immanuel - which means "God with us." All this had reference
to things of a reasonably near future and had no reference to the
birth of Jesus some seven hundred
years after, who was not a
prince sitting upon the throne of Israel - and who did not bring
national glory and renown to Israel; for such was not his mission.
Hebrew scholars and churchmen have often claimed that Isaiah's
prophecy was fulfilled by the birth of Hezekiah. Other
authorities agree
with this idea and insist that the idea of the Virgin Birth never
originated in Hebrew prophecy but was injected into the Christian
Doctrine from pagan sources, toward the end of the first century - and
received credence, owing to the influx of converts from the "heathen"
peoples, who found in the idea a correspondence with their former
beliefs. As Rev. R.J.
Campbell, minister of the City Temple, London,
says in his "New Theology," "No New Testament passage
whatever is directly or indirectly a prophecy of the virgin birth of
Jesus. To insist upon this may seem to many like beating a man of
straw, but if so, the man of straw still retains a good deal of
vitality." It is also generally agreed upon by such scholars that the author, whoever he may have been, was not an eye-witness of the events in the Life of Christ. Some of the best authorities hold that he was a Gentile (non-Hebrew), probably a Greek - for his Greek literary style is far above the average - his vocabulary being very rich and his diction admirable. It is also generally believed that the same hand wrote the Book of Acts. Tradition holds
that
the author was one Luke - a Christian convert after the death of
Jesus who was one of Paul's missionary band, which traveled from
Troas to Macedonia, and who shared Paul's imprisonment in Caesarea -
and who shared Paul's shipwreck experiences on the voyage to Rome. He
is thought to have written his Gospel long after the death of Paul,
for the benefit and instruction of one Theophilus, a man of rank
residing in Antioch. It is pointed
out that, as Paul, who was Luke's close friend
and teacher made no mention of the Virgin Birth and taught nothing
of the kind - Luke must have acquired the legend later, if indeed
the narrative was written by him at all in his Gospel. Surely a man
like Paul
would have laid great stress upon this wonderful event - had he
believed in it, or had it formed a part of the Christian Doctrine of
his time. That Luke should have written this account is a great
mystery--and many feel that it is much easier to accept the theory of
the later interpolation of the story into Luke's Gospel, particularly
in view of the corroborative indications. But, before we
pass to the consideration of the Occult Teachings, let us ask one
question: How do the Higher Critics
account for the undoubted
doctrine of the Divine Fatherhood, as clearly stated all through the
New Testament, in view of the proofs against the Virgin Birth?
Why
the frequent and repeated mention of Jesus as "the Son of God?"
What was the Secret Doctrine
underlying the Divine Parentage of
Jesus - which the pagan legends corrupted into the story of the Virgin
Birth of theology? In other words,
the family is treated as being composed of father,
mother and child - just as is the case with any family. The Occult
Teachings go into great detail concerning the Spiritual Sonship of
Jesus, as we shall see presently - but there is no mention of any
miraculous physical
conception and birth. They know of the
existence of the soul
separate from the body, both after the death of the latter and even
during its life, in the case of Astral Travel, etc. And in many other
ways it becomes natural for the Occultist to regard his body, and the
bodies of others, as mere "shells" to be treated well,
used properly, and then willingly discarded - or exchanged for
another. The Occultist
sees
in the conception of every child,
the work of the Divine
Will--every conception and birth a
miracle. But he sees Natural Law
underlying each, and he believes that the Divine Will always operates
under Natural Laws--the seeming miracles and exceptions thereto
resulting from the mastery and operation of some law not generally
known. But the Occultist knows of no law that will operate to produce
conception by other than the physiological process. The Occultists
do not regard
Joseph as the father of the Real Jesus--no human being can produce
or create a soul. And so, the Occultist sees no reason for
accepting
the old pagan doctrine of the physical Virgin Birth which has crept
into Christianity from outside sources. To the Occultist, there is a
real Virgin Birth of an entirely different nature, as we shall see
presently. For instance,
they
failed to grasp the beautiful ideas of Immortality held by the
original Christians, which held that the
soul survived the death
and disintegration of the body. They could not grasp this
transcendental truth--they did not know what was meant by the term
"the soul," and so they
substituted their pagan doctrine
of the resurrection of the physical body. They believed
that at some
future time there would come a great Day in which the Dead would
arise from their graves and become again alive. The crudeness of
this idea, when compared to the beautiful doctrine of the Immortality
of the Soul of the original Christians and by the advanced
Christians today, is quite painful. And yet these pagan converts
actually smothered out the true teachings by their crude doctrine of
resurrection of the body. In fact, there
may be many
of you who would doubt that the Christians of that day so taught,
were it not for the undisputed historical records, and the remnant of
the doctrine itself, embalmed in the "Apostle's Creed" in
the passage "I believe in the
resurrection of the body,"
which is read in the Churches daily - but which doctrine is scarcely
ever taught in these days and is believed in by but few
Christians - in fact, is ignored or even denied by the majority. It appears that
in
those days some few held the soul to be incorporeal, according to the
views of Plato and others, but that the orthodox Christian divines
looked upon this as an impious, unscriptural opinion. Justin Martyr
argued against the Platonic nature of the soul. And even some
latter-day writers have not hesitated to express their views on the
subject, agreeing with the earlier orthodox brethren. For instance,
Dr. R.S. Candlish has said, But, in spite of
the official fostering of this crude theory, it gradually sank into
actual insignificance, although its shadow still persists in creed
and word. Its spirit has retreated and passed away before the
advancing idea of the Immortality of the Soul, which returned again
and again to Christianity until it won the victory. And as Prof.
Nathaniel Schmidt has said, in his article on the subject in a
leading encyclopaedia, "... The doctrine of the natural
immortality of the human soul became so important a part of Christian
thought that the resurrection naturally lost its vital significance,
and it has practically held no place in the great systems of
philosophy elaborated by the Christian thinkers in modern times." And yet the
Church continues to repeat the now meaningless words,
"I believe in the Resurrection of the Body." And while
practically no one now believes it, still the recital of the words
and the statement of one's belief in them, forms a necessary
requisite for admission into the Christian Church today. Such is the
persistent hold of dead forms and thoughts upon living
people. We trust that
you now
understand this part of the subject. What a
perversion, this regarding the
sacredness of human Fatherhood and Motherhood as impure! The man of
true spirituality sees in the Divine Trinity of Father, Mother and
Child something most pure and sacred--something that brings man very
close, indeed, to God. Is the beautiful babe... held close in its
mother's fond embrace... a symbol and type of impurity? Is the watchful
care and love of the Father of the babe an impure result of an
impure cause? Does not one's own heart tell him the contrary? Every act in the
Life of Jesus typified and symbolized the life of
every individual soul and of the race. We all have our Garden of
Gethsemane--each is Crucified and Ascends to Higher Planes. This is
the Occult Doctrine of the Virgin Birth of Christ. Is it not a worthy
one? Is it not at least a higher conception of the human mind than
the physical Virgin Birth legend? It has taken
centuries of
mental struggle and spiritual unfoldment to bring the Light of the
Truth to bear upon this dark corner of the Faith, but the work is now
fairly underway, and the great minds in the Church - as well as those
out of the Church - are beginning to lay the old legend aside as a
worn-out relic of primitive days, when the cloud of Ignorance
overshadowed the Light of Truth. ~ End of Lesson 2 ~ |